Cov hlau nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg yog hlau, cobalt, npib tsib xee thiab lwm yam atoms, thiab cov qauv sab hauv ntawm lawv cov atoms yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv muaj lub sijhawm sib nqus. Cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum sib nqus thiab muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm kev nyiam cov khoom ferromagnetic xws li hlau, npib tsib xee, cobalt thiab lwm yam hlau.
Magnet hom: hom hlau nplaum: square hlau nplaum, pobzeb hlau nplaum, tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus hlau nplaum, cylindrical hlau nplaum, nplhaib hlau nplaum, disc hlau nplaum, hlau nplaum hlau nplaum, hlau nplaum hlau nplaum, cov khoom siv hlau nplaum: samarium cobalt hlau nplaum, NdFeB hlau nplaum (muaj zog hlau nplaum), ferrite hlau nplaum , Alnico hlau nplaum, ferrochromium cobalt hlau nplaum, kev lag luam hlau nplaum: cov khoom sib nqus, cov hlau nplaum lub cev muaj zog, cov hlau nplaum roj hmab, cov hlau nplaum yas thiab lwm yam. Cov hlau nplaum tau muab faib ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab cov hlau nplaum mos, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog ntxiv cov hlau nplaum muaj zog, yog li cov kiv cua ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab electron angular momentum nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ruaj khov, mos hlau nplaum yog ntxiv hluav taws xob. (tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv cov hlau nplaum) Tos tam sim no tshem tawm cov hlau mos yuav maj mam poob nws cov hlau nplaum.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau nplaum bar yog raug tshem tawm nrog ib txoj kab nyias, thiab thaum nws nyob ruaj ruaj, nws ob qhov kawg yuav taw tes rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, qhov kawg taw tes rau sab qaum teb yog hu ua tus ncej qaum teb lossis N ncej, thiab kawg taw tes rau sab qab teb yog tus taw qhia ncej lossis S ncej.
Yog tias lub ntiaj teb xav tias yog cov hlau nplaum loj, ces lub ntiaj teb geomagnetic qaum teb yog tus taw qhia ncej, thiab geomagnetic sab qab teb ncej yog hais txog North Ncej. Nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlau nplaum, cov ncej ntawm tib lub npe yog repulsed thiab cov ncej ntawm cov npe sib txawv yog nyiam. Yog li ntawd, lub compass repels South Ncej, sab qaum teb xub repels North Ncej, thiab lub compass attracts sab qaum teb xub.
Kev faib tawm: Cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem muab faib ua "cov hlau nplaum tas mus li" thiab "cov hlau nplaum tsis tas li". Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li tuaj yeem yog cov khoom ntuj tsim, tseem hu ua cov hlau nplaum ntuj, lossis lawv tuaj yeem tsim khoom tsim. Cov hlau nplaum tsis ruaj khov, xws li electromagnets, tsuas yog tshwm sim sib nqus hauv qee yam mob.
